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Socio Economic Conditions of the Hatchery Labors in Chanchra Area of Jessor District in Bangladesh
Tahmina Siddika,
Ripon Kumar Adhikary,
Md. Hasan-Uj-Jaman,
Shoumo Khondoker,
Nazia Tabassum,
Md. Farid Uz Zaman
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
30-36
Received:
28 April 2016
Accepted:
6 May 2016
Published:
23 May 2016
Abstract: The study was conducted on the hatchery labors in some selected area of Jessore Sadar Upazila in Bangladesh under the district of Jessore by using a logical questionnaire on socio-economic condition of hatchery labor. The main objective of the study is to know the socio-economic condition of the hatchery labors in some selected area of Chanchra region of Jessore district. The specific objectives are to know the different labor categories in hatcheries of Chanchra region and to know the socio-economic condition of hatchery labors. A total of 40 hatchery labors were selected and interviewed. It was found that the average age group of hatchery labor is 26-35 years, predominantly all of them are male and any presence of female labor was not found. It was found that about 95% labor use tube-well water and 5% use deep tube-well water. Regarding mean of transport, 65% labor move by on foot. It was found that about 75% hatchery had no medical treatment facility. However, further study about the socio-economic condition is needed and institutional, organizational, technical and credit supports are needed for their better socio-economic and sustainable livelihood.
Abstract: The study was conducted on the hatchery labors in some selected area of Jessore Sadar Upazila in Bangladesh under the district of Jessore by using a logical questionnaire on socio-economic condition of hatchery labor. The main objective of the study is to know the socio-economic condition of the hatchery labors in some selected area of Chanchra reg...
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Ground Water Level Fluctuation and Its Impact on Irrigation Cost at Jessore Sadar of Bangladesh
G. M. Abdur Rahman,
Md. Jamal Faruque,
Mehedi Hashan Sohel,
Abu Sayed
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
37-42
Received:
16 April 2016
Accepted:
3 May 2016
Published:
25 May 2016
Abstract: The study was conducted to access the ground water level fluctuation and impacts on irrigation cost of Jessore sadar and Jhikargacha upazilla. Questionnaire survey and Key Information Interview (KII) were done to collect primary data from local farmers, pump operator, DAE officials and personnel from BADC. The secondary data were collected from BADC. From study area it was found that the Maximum ground water level varies 5.1 to 9.35m at the month of April to May where minimum ground water level varies 1.15 to 4.88m at October to November from 2004 to 2013. The trends of maximum fluctuation level increased 5.65 to 9.35m and 5.1 to 8.36m at Jessore sadar and Jhikargacha respectively, in April 2004 to April 2013. From the study it was also found that ground water level fluctuation mostly affect the STW irrigation where 100% of STW at the study area have faced pump failure and for the remedial measure 100% taken measure to deep set method. Pumping hour for both STW and DTW has increased in 2013 than 2009. It was found 99% of the respondents were aware of lowering of ground water level in their agriculture fields, 85% of farmers complained that they did not get enough water during the dry season irrigation period. Over 95% of the respondents were well aware about excessive pumping. Most important thing was that 95% of the respondents replied that they didn’t get training for irrigation and have not enough knowledge for irrigation efficiency and the crop water use. To obtain desired economic benefits from groundwater resource, the management of ground water is essential.
Abstract: The study was conducted to access the ground water level fluctuation and impacts on irrigation cost of Jessore sadar and Jhikargacha upazilla. Questionnaire survey and Key Information Interview (KII) were done to collect primary data from local farmers, pump operator, DAE officials and personnel from BADC. The secondary data were collected from BAD...
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Determination of Appropriate Planting Time for Dekoko (Pisum sativum var. abyssinicum) Productivity Improvement in Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia
Berhane Sibhatu,
Hayelom Berhe,
Gebremeskel Gebrekorkos,
Kasaye Abera
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
43-47
Received:
15 April 2016
Accepted:
22 April 2016
Published:
4 June 2016
Abstract: Dekoko is highly appreciated by the local people for its taste and high market value. However, productivity of Dekoko is limited by improper planting time. An experiment on Dekoko planting time was, therefore, conducted in 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons to determine the appropriate planting time of Dekoko that maximizes its productivity under rain fed conditions. Treatments comprised combinations of four planting time (dry planting about 5-7 days before the beginning of main rain season, when the rain fall amount received greater or equal to 10 mm at once or cumulative, when the rain fall amount received greater or equal to 20 mm at once or cumulative and when the rain fall amount received greater or equal to 30 mm at once or cumulative) were carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The analyzed result showed that days to maturity, number of pods plant-1, grain and biomass yields were significantly influenced (P<0.05) by planting time. Dekoko matured late during dry planting. Dekoko planted when the rain fall amount received is greater or equal to 20 mm at once or cumulative gave high (21) number of pods plant-1. Similarly, the maximum grain (533.53 - 638.00 kg ha-1) and biomass (1635.23 - 1820.06 kg ha-1) yields were produced during planting time when the rain fall amount received is greater or equal to 20 mm at once or cumulative, while the minimum values were due to dry planting. It is, therefore, concluded that planting of Dekoko when the rain fall amount received is greater or equal to 20 mm at once or cumulative can be recommended for the growers in the study area to improve Dekoko productivity. Moreover, further research works on different varieties along with different soil moisture levels, planting dates and soil types can be a step forward to identify best sustainable technology on the growth and yield improvements of Dekoko.
Abstract: Dekoko is highly appreciated by the local people for its taste and high market value. However, productivity of Dekoko is limited by improper planting time. An experiment on Dekoko planting time was, therefore, conducted in 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons to determine the appropriate planting time of Dekoko that maximizes its productivity under rain ...
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Improving Rice Yield in Tidal Floodplain: Optimizing Seedling Age and Transplanting Date
Abdul Hamid,
M. Jafar Ullah,
M. A. Siddique,
M. Ali Akbar,
M. Matiar Rahman,
M. G. Neogi,
M. Faruque H. Mollah,
M. Abdur Razzaque,
M. Ashraf Hossain
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
48-56
Received:
28 April 2016
Accepted:
19 May 2016
Published:
6 June 2016
Abstract: Major constraint of growing rice in south central coastal region of Bangladesh is the tidal submergence of land and crops. Indigenous rice is generally grown in tidal floodplain harvesting poor yield. Transplanting seedlings of optimum age on appropriate date may potentially increase rice yield. We carried out on-farm trials for evaluating growth and yield performance of two indigenous rice varieties (Sadamota and Lalmota) and a high yielding variety (BRRI dhan 44) in response to variable seedling age and transplanting dates for two years. In the first year, 45 d and 60 d old seedlings of Sadamota were transplanted on a single date either in rows at 40 cm x 40 spacing or following farmers’ traditional practice of random transplanting. The second year’s trial compared the performance of one indigenous variety Lalmota and one modern variety BRRI dhan 44. Two age groups (45 d and 60 d) of seedlings of Lalmota and single age group (45 d) of BRRI dhan 44 were transplanted on two different dates (August 8 and August 24). First year’s trial results indicated that irrespective of seedling age, transplanting in rows produced higher yield compared with farmers’ traditional practice. In the second year’s trial, late transplanting of 45 d old seedlings of both the varieties gave higher yield compared with early transplanting. BRRI dhan 44 produced significantly higher yield than Lalmota. Late transplanting of 60 d old seedlings of Lalmota produced higher yield than transplanting younger seedlings. Lower yield of earlier planted rice was associated with greater hill mortality and seedling damage, and production of relatively lesser number of tillers and panicles. For increasing yield in tidal floodplain, late planting (late August) with 60 d old seedlings of indigenous varieties in rows (40 cm x 40 cm) has been suggested.
Abstract: Major constraint of growing rice in south central coastal region of Bangladesh is the tidal submergence of land and crops. Indigenous rice is generally grown in tidal floodplain harvesting poor yield. Transplanting seedlings of optimum age on appropriate date may potentially increase rice yield. We carried out on-farm trials for evaluating growth a...
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Assessment of Mango Pests, Diseases and Orchard Management Practices in West Nile Zone of Uganda
Dan Acema,
Baron Asiku,
Emmanuel Odama,
Dickson Egama
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
57-63
Received:
19 May 2016
Accepted:
28 May 2016
Published:
7 June 2016
Abstract: Exotic mango varieties can improve the livelihood security and increase profitability of mango growers in Uganda. There are however, several factors like pests, diseases and orchard management practices which limit mango production and productivity. The study sought to investigate farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of mango pests and diseases and orchard management practices in West Nile zone (WNZ) of Uganda. Farmers growing exotic mango varieties were selected from six districts namely, Arua, Maracha, Koboko, Yumbe, Moyo and Nebbi in WNZ. Both purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to identify 90 respondents who were interviewed with a semi structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed both descriptively and inferentially. Chi square tests were used to analyze farmers’ perception on pests and diseases. Multinomial logit was used to analyze factors influencing choice of orchard management practices. The results showed a significant variation in perception of farmers on incidence, severity and yield loss due to various pests (fruit flies, seed borer, termites, scales and mealy bugs) and, diseases (anthracnose, bacterial black spot, powdery mildew, algal leaf spot and sooty mould). Farmers’ choice to take a particular management practice like pruning, spraying, manuring and mulching were influenced by age of mangoes, extension service, education level and sex. It was concluded that many pests and diseases of exotic mangoes existed in WNZ and sound scientific orchard management practices were still lacking among the mango farmers. The study recommended awareness creation on various mango pests and diseases, and capacity enhancement of farmers and extension staff on scientific orchard management practices.
Abstract: Exotic mango varieties can improve the livelihood security and increase profitability of mango growers in Uganda. There are however, several factors like pests, diseases and orchard management practices which limit mango production and productivity. The study sought to investigate farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of mango pests and diseases and o...
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Current Situation of Cassava Production, Constraints and Opportunities in Cambodia
Ou Wenjun,
Li Maofen,
Tin Maung Aye,
Sinath Srey
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
64-70
Received:
7 June 2016
Accepted:
Published:
8 June 2016
Abstract: Within the framework of Cambodia-China-UNDP South-South Cooperation Cassava Project Phase II, the need assessment of cassava production in Cambodia was carried out in order to understand the current situation of the cultivation practices of cassava. A survey was conducted with 138 cassava growers in two provinces (Kampong Cham and Pailin) to understand their current situation of cassava cultivation practices and their constraints. The data were supplemented with semi-structured interviews with 12 key informants. Results indicate that cassava farmers in both Kampong Cham and Pailin provinces are smallholder-based, with an average owned cassava cultivated land of 1.01 ha and 3.55 ha, respectively. Farmers use different cassava varieties, which are most imported from Thailand and Vietnam. Most of the farmers in Kampong Cham province plant cassava stem cuttings horizontally, while all farmers in Pailin province grow them vertically. The planting space was similar (between 60 cm and 80 cm) in both provinces. Farmers grow cassava continuously on the same field and do not intercrop with other crops. And farmers apply little or no organic and inorganic amendments to the cassava field. In 2013, the cassava production cost was US$ 845 ha-1 in Kampong Cham and US$ 981 ha-1 in Pailin. Of this, labor costs for harvesting accounts for 30% and 38% in these provinces, respectively. Farmers generated a gross margin of US$ 682 ha-1 in Kampong Cham and US$ 834 ha-1 in Pailin. In Cambodia, cassava yields can be markedly improved by growing better adapted cassava varieties and by improving soil fertility management and erosion control.
Abstract: Within the framework of Cambodia-China-UNDP South-South Cooperation Cassava Project Phase II, the need assessment of cassava production in Cambodia was carried out in order to understand the current situation of the cultivation practices of cassava. A survey was conducted with 138 cassava growers in two provinces (Kampong Cham and Pailin) to unders...
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Enhancement of Colonisation of Soybean Roots by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Using Vermicompost and Biochar
Njunge Leah Wathira,
Wachira Peter,
Okoth Sheila
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
71-78
Received:
6 June 2016
Accepted:
16 June 2016
Published:
30 June 2016
Abstract: Pollution and contamination of soil is one of the major concerns in the world today. Excessive use of synthetic fertilisers has caused tremendous harm to the environment and the human population indirectly. Chemical residues accumulated in crops that find their way to into the human food chain have been found to have adverse health effects. Enrichment of lakes with runoff from heavily-fertilised farms has resulted in eutrophication and pollution of water bodies. Application of organic matter and use of mycorrhiza have been recommended as ways of mitigating these problems. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of organic amendments on colonisation of soybean roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The study consisted of a field experiment of seven treatments with 3 replications in a complete randomized block design. The treatments were biochar (B), vermicompost (V), mycorrhiza (M), biochar and vermicompost (BV), biochar and mycorrhiza (BM), biochar, vermicompost and mycorrhiza (BVM), mycorrhiza and vermicompost (MV), and the control block which had no amendments (NT). Before planting of soybeans and application of amendments, soil samples were collected for characterization of soil chemical properties and mycorrhizal spores. Soybean seeds were planted in each plot. At flowering time, roots were screened for percentage mycorrhizal colonisation and dry mass of plants from each plot was taken. At harvest time, soil samples, plants and harvested soybeans from each plot were collected and dry weight taken. There was mean increase of 53.38% in levels of phosphorous and 15.33% of carbon in the soil after application of amendments. Levels of nitrogen decreased in all treatment blocks. There was a significant (P<0.0000) increase in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores after application of treatments. The colonization percentage of arbuscules in roots was highest (14.7%) in the bio char and vermicomposting blocks (BV) while the blocks without any treatment, NT, had the lowest colonization percentage of 1.2%. The highest dry weight of both shoots and roots were recorded in blocks treated with biochar which also had the highest weight of harvested soy bean seeds with a mean of 171.28g. Blocks treated with mycorrhiza had the lowest harvest weight of soybean seeds with a mean of 58.17g. From this study it was concluded that the organic amendments enhanced the activity of the already-present mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, without requiring the introduction of commercial mycorrhizal amendments and biochar enhances microbial activity which stimulates crop productivity.
Abstract: Pollution and contamination of soil is one of the major concerns in the world today. Excessive use of synthetic fertilisers has caused tremendous harm to the environment and the human population indirectly. Chemical residues accumulated in crops that find their way to into the human food chain have been found to have adverse health effects. Enrichm...
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The Women’s Preference for the Management Patterns of Farmland Water Conservation and Their Willing of PIM in Chinese Grain-Producing Areas
Fang Luo,
Miao Tian,
Lijun Chen,
Dan Xu,
Qing Wang,
Yewang Zhou
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2016
Pages:
79-86
Received:
11 July 2016
Accepted:
Published:
12 July 2016
Abstract: The Chinese grain-producing areas undertake the heavy responsibility for the national food security, and the management patterns of farmland water conservation play a decisive role in the grain yield. Women are the main force of agriculture production at most areas. The research from the perspective of female, the vulnerable group has important practical significance. Based on the data of the grain-producing areas, Hubei Province, the multinomial model and the Probit model are applied to analyzing women’s preference for the management patterns of the farmland water conservation and their willing of participatory irrigation management (PIM). It turned out that the collective management or the family-mode management solved the irrigation problems of dispersive and finely-divided farmland, the rural elites could decrease the marketization degree of the farmland water conservation, and the male prime rural labors might relieve the pressure of irrigation. Individual pattern of irrigation management is insufficient to ensure the seasonal demands of paddy crops. The rural education, the arable land area and the rural elites’ management contribute to enhance the women’s willing of PIM, and the male prime rural labor decreases his willing of PIM.
Abstract: The Chinese grain-producing areas undertake the heavy responsibility for the national food security, and the management patterns of farmland water conservation play a decisive role in the grain yield. Women are the main force of agriculture production at most areas. The research from the perspective of female, the vulnerable group has important pra...
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