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Overview of Epidemiology, Biology and Integrated Management of Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae) of Faba Bean in Ethiopia
Damtew Atnafu,
Daniel Keskse
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2020
Pages:
22-27
Received:
12 January 2020
Accepted:
24 February 2020
Published:
19 May 2020
Abstract: Chocolate spot is a serious disease that cause yield reduction on Faba bean crop, thus, effective management is essential. The objective of this review work was to review available to manage chocolate spot of faba bean with host resistance and fungicides. There are many biotic and abiotic factors which hampers Faba bean production in Ethiopia. From biotic factors chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) is the major fungal disease hampering Faba bean production in Ethiopia.). It is a highly prevalent and destructive disease, causing yield loss up to 61% on a susceptible and 34% on tolerant Faba bean genotypes in the central highlands. But we can manage this economically important disease in manner which comprised by using different methods from these late sowing of Faba bean, mixed cropping of Faba bean with cereal crops, fungicides application and crop rotation were found better to reduce the disease and increased the grain yield. Therefore, use all available diseases management methods in combination that is IDM (Integrated Disease management) is better to reduce disease severity of chocolate spot.
Abstract: Chocolate spot is a serious disease that cause yield reduction on Faba bean crop, thus, effective management is essential. The objective of this review work was to review available to manage chocolate spot of faba bean with host resistance and fungicides. There are many biotic and abiotic factors which hampers Faba bean production in Ethiopia. From...
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Optimizing Sowing Date for the Productivity of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. Durum) in Central Highland of Ethiopia
Bizuwork Tafes Desta,
Almaz Meseret Gezahegn,
Sisay Eshetu,
Abuhay Takele
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2020
Pages:
28-32
Received:
1 February 2020
Accepted:
21 February 2020
Published:
19 May 2020
Abstract: The field experiments were carried out at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center during the main cropping season between 2015 and 2017 to determine best sowing date for durum wheat productivity. The treatments were consisted of a factorial combination of four sowing date (late-June, mid-July, Late-July and mid-August) and two durum wheat varieties (Ude and Mangudo). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replication. Results showed that the main effect of sowing date had a significant effect on growth, yield and yield components of durum wheat. In contrast, main effect of variety and interaction effects of variety with sowing date had not a significant effect on growth, yield and yield components of durum wheat. The highest aboveground biomass yield (8990.7 kg/ha) and grain yield (3504.6 kg/ha) were obtained when durum wheat was sown in mid-July, but it was not significantly different yield from late-June. Based on 30 years rainfall data, the possibility of occurrence of dry spell is less during this period. Therefore, sowing of durum wheat from late-June to mid-July can be recommended for durum wheat production in the study area.
Abstract: The field experiments were carried out at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center during the main cropping season between 2015 and 2017 to determine best sowing date for durum wheat productivity. The treatments were consisted of a factorial combination of four sowing date (late-June, mid-July, Late-July and mid-August) and two durum wheat varieties...
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Determinant of Rainfed and Dry Seasons Rice Farming in Ayamelum Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria
Obianefo Chukwujekwu Aloysius,
Anarah Emeka Samuel,
Osuafor Ogonna Olive,
Anumudu Oluchi Odinaka
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, April 2020
Pages:
33-38
Received:
1 December 2019
Accepted:
16 December 2019
Published:
19 May 2020
Abstract: The study on the determinant of rain-fed and dry season rice farming in Ayamelum Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria estimated the production function of rice farmers at rain-fed, as well as at dry season. The study equally looked at the challenges confronting rice farmers in the study area at both season. A well-structured questionnaire as well as face to face interview were the research instruments used to elicit information from randomly selected 100 (70 rain-fed and 30 dry seasons) rice farmers for the study. A combination of analytical tools were utilized, multiple regression and principal factor analysis were the research models used to operationalize the study concept. The regression result with the highest significant variables as well as the highest coefficient of multiple determinant (R2) were chosen as the lead equation, while each challenges confronting rice farmers at both season in the study area were named according to the factors with the highest loading. The study found out that the R2 for both rain-fed and dry season rice farming was 0.8951 and 0.7999 respectively. These confirms that the error beyond the control of the farmers at rain-fed was 10.5% and 20.0% at dry season. The study equally revealed that the determinants of rain-fed rice farming were fertilizer (β = 0.484 and t = 5.11**), urea (β = 0.661 and t = 4.43**), agro-chemical (β = 27.488 and t = 4.65**) and labour (β = 28.008 and t = 4.42**). While labour supply (β = 39.425 and t = 16.09**) and farm size (β = 250.344 and t = 4.19**) were the determinants of dry season rice farming in the study area. Environmental factor accounted for 21.42% and 21.79% of the variance of factors challenging rice farming at rain-fed and dry season respectively. Institutional factor accounted for 15.34% and 17.90% of the variance of factors challenging rice farming at rain-fed and dry season respectively, and Economic accounted for 13.51% and 14.37% of the variance of factors challenging rice farming at rain-fed and dry season respectively. The three factors explained 50.28% and 54.06% of the variance of the factors challenging rice farming at both season in Ayamelum Local Government Area.
Abstract: The study on the determinant of rain-fed and dry season rice farming in Ayamelum Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria estimated the production function of rice farmers at rain-fed, as well as at dry season. The study equally looked at the challenges confronting rice farmers in the study area at both season. A well-structured questionnair...
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