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Effect of Nutrient and Pre-Infested Brinjal, Solanum Melongena by Whitefly and Aphid on Population Dynamics of Whitefly, Bemisia Tabaci
Mohd Rasdi Zaini,
Che Salmah Md Rawi,
Abu Hassan
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2013
Pages:
1-10
Published:
20 February 2013
Abstract: This study investigated the consequence of nutrient concentration levels and pre-infestation of brinjal (Solanum melongena) plant (by whitefly and aphids) on population of whitefly (Aleyrodidae; Hemiptera) over two cropping periods. Both factors, nutrient levels and pre-infestation by pests could also change plant-pest relationship especially with herbi-vorous insect pests. Variation in nutrient levels applied to the plants could influence different physiological performance of the plants which subsequently affected whitefly population. Populations of whitefly were higher following increasing levels of nutrients in non-pre-infested (control) plants. Lower whitefly populations were observed on whitefly pre-infested brinjal plants compared to aphid pre-infested and control plants. Pre-infested plants were suspected to induce productions of sec-ondary metabolites as a chemical defense system thus lowering the number of whiteflies on them. Considering other man-agement technique in controlling whiteflies on brinjal such as optimum nutrient supplement as plant growth progress and good pest care during seedling stage was proposed.
Abstract: This study investigated the consequence of nutrient concentration levels and pre-infestation of brinjal (Solanum melongena) plant (by whitefly and aphids) on population of whitefly (Aleyrodidae; Hemiptera) over two cropping periods. Both factors, nutrient levels and pre-infestation by pests could also change plant-pest relationship especially with ...
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Ergonomic Design: Experimental Studies of Multi-Task Vehicle
Eyal Byran,
Issachar Gilad,
Rivka Oxman
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2013
Pages:
23-32
Published:
20 February 2013
Abstract: The design of off-road vehicles is complicated. Particularly when the driving, is accompanied with another task, simultaneously (e.g. plowing). Such a complex environment may lead to human error and end up with an accident. In Aus-tralia, 20-25 percent of vehicle accidents’ casualties are from off-road accidents. The literature suggests three combined and important aspects, in vehicle design: vision control, anthropometrical fitting and biomechanical considerations. No study is found which supports an off-road vehicle design from all three aspects together. In addition, the extensive use of computer aided design (CAD) in the vehicles’ design stages, produce only qualitative results. This study presents a pioneering expe-rimental ergonomic research, of an off-road cabin design. The research inquires the three aspects,combined, generating quantitative results. These results produce a better fitted design to the operator and his operational needs, which help the engineer to design a cabinthat may lead to less strenuous sitting postures and fatigue.
Abstract: The design of off-road vehicles is complicated. Particularly when the driving, is accompanied with another task, simultaneously (e.g. plowing). Such a complex environment may lead to human error and end up with an accident. In Aus-tralia, 20-25 percent of vehicle accidents’ casualties are from off-road accidents. The literature suggests three combi...
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Study of Somatic Embryogenesis in Leaf Explants of Sapindus Emarginatus Vahl
Srinivas Devaraju,
K. Jaganmohan Reddy
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2013
Pages:
33-37
Published:
20 February 2013
Abstract: Plant regeneration through Somatic embryogenesis has several advantages over other routes to in vitro plant production and appears that most promising area of research for large scale production and rapid plant propagation. Sapindus emarginatus vahl commonly known as soap nut tree wherein the nut shell contains saponin, which acts like soap when comes in contact with water. It has very high economic and medicinal values in saponin industry and is also being used for important medicinal properties. The present study is aimed on somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Sapindus emarginatus Vahl employing auxin such as 2, 4-D along with cytokinin BAP/Kn. The present protocol is the first ever reported of its kind and is unique in itself as the latex poses a threat for tissue culture.
Abstract: Plant regeneration through Somatic embryogenesis has several advantages over other routes to in vitro plant production and appears that most promising area of research for large scale production and rapid plant propagation. Sapindus emarginatus vahl commonly known as soap nut tree wherein the nut shell contains saponin, which acts like soap when co...
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Global Agricultural Policies: Reforms and Future Agriculture
M. B. Dastagiri,
MNV Prasad Gajula,
PA Lakshmi Prasanna,
T. K. Immanuelraj
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2013
Pages:
38-48
Published:
20 February 2013
Abstract: Globally, Agriculture it seems is back on the development agenda, seen as a key to spurring growth and reduction poverty, and as a key route to meeting the Millennium Development Goals. Continent -wide policy can safeguard each country’s independence. The main focus of this paper is to analyse global agricultural policies and critically appraisal of their policies and arrive the best policies. The study is based on meta-analysis. The status of global agricultural policies in general and selected continent wise policies in particular is analysed. It also suggests the best future global agricultural policies. World as a whole the pressures on agriculture to produce much less than indicated projections for the period to 2050 because of deceleration population growth. The basic changes in Europe models concerning the transformation from supply driven models of traditional agriculture to the concept of modern agriculture focusing on demand-driven types of market agriculture. The North American Model; United States, Mexico, and Canada have each made significant changes to their agricultural policies over the past several years particularly in the area of income supports. The Latin America continent was confronted with a new twist to the Green Revolution model, with the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops and run by transnational corporations. In Africa, agriculture is runs by the significance of aid provided by donors. The successful Asian State Green revolution model focuses more on seed and technologies to increase production. The most common policy response taken by the emerging economies – and also worldwide – has been to reduce or suspend import tariffs on food products. The year 2011 highlighted after many years of neglect, agriculture and food security are back on the development and political agendas. The study suggests to focus future policies on agriculture as a global agenda and global efforts.
Abstract: Globally, Agriculture it seems is back on the development agenda, seen as a key to spurring growth and reduction poverty, and as a key route to meeting the Millennium Development Goals. Continent -wide policy can safeguard each country’s independence. The main focus of this paper is to analyse global agricultural policies and critically appraisal o...
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