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Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (Pseudcercospora angolensis) Disease Using Fungicides
Mandefro Aslake,
Assefa Sintayehu,
Chemeda Fininsa,
Teferi Alem
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
170-175
Received:
17 September 2021
Accepted:
4 October 2021
Published:
12 October 2021
Abstract: In Tropical Africa, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa production of citrus is seriously hampered by citrus leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease. The yield reduction due to this disease can reach 50% - 100% when climatic conditions are favorable to the disease development and effective control measures are not implemented timely. Hence, this study was anticipated to evaluate the effect of fungicides for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease. As the result of this, the efficacy of different fungicides namely; Carbonchlor 50% SC only, Benline 50% WP only, Bellis 38% WG only, Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG, Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC and Benline 50% WP combined with Matco 72% WP against Pseudocercospra angolensis were tested under field conditions. The present field experiment result showed that, there was no infected fruit observed in all treated trees as compared to the control plot that revealed (33.12%) fruit infection. Whereas, in leaves minimum infection rate (1.16%) was recorded from trees treated with Bellis 38% WG followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC (1.48%), Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG (1.89%), Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC (4.00%), Benline 50% WP (4.54%) and Matco 72% WP combined with Benline 50%WP (6.24%). However, maximum infection rate (17.57%) was recorded from leaves of unsprayed check. Therefore, from the results of the present investigation, application of Carbonchlor 50% SC was the first choice to be used followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC + Benline 50% WP, Bellis 38% WG + Carbonchlor 50% SC, Bellis 38% WG only, Benline 50% WP only and Matco 72% WP + Benline 50% WP for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease.
Abstract: In Tropical Africa, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa production of citrus is seriously hampered by citrus leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease. The yield reduction due to this disease can reach 50% - 100% when climatic conditions are favorable to the disease development and effective control measures are not implemented timely. ...
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Seasonal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll Concentration and Its Correlation with Pelagic Fish Catch in Senegalese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
Jeanne Maffoué Kouadio,
Waly Ndiaye,
Ahon Jean-Baptiste Kassi,
Tacko Niang,
Eric Valére Djagoua,
Abdou Aziz Diouf
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
176-182
Received:
24 August 2021
Accepted:
28 September 2021
Published:
21 October 2021
Abstract: Remote sensing data were used in this study to relate the biophysical characteristics of the ocean and their relationship with the coastal pelagic fish catches in the Senegalese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) from 2003 to 2017. Level 3 (4 km) monthly sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll (Chl-a) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Satellite (MODIS-Aqua) and statistics fishing data were used. These biophysical parameters associated to coastal upwelling index and turbulence water index allowed to characterise availability of fish. The monthly average variation of the biophysical parameters shows a close relation between chlorophyll concentration, sea surface temperature and the pelagic species availability. The results showed that satellite variables are directly related, with high chlorophyll-a concentrations and high upwelling intensities corresponding to low ocean surface temperature. The analysis of intra-annual variations shows the identification of two distinct seasons. A cold season from November to May, marked by an intense upwelling, corresponding to a high concentration of chlorophyll and high upwelling intensity with very high landings of coastal pelagic species. A warm season from June to October corresponding to a low concentration of chlorophyll and a decrease in the intensity of upwelling with low landing values. A hot season extending from June to October, corresponds to a low concentration of chlorophyll-a and a decrease in intensity of upwelling with low landing values.
Abstract: Remote sensing data were used in this study to relate the biophysical characteristics of the ocean and their relationship with the coastal pelagic fish catches in the Senegalese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) from 2003 to 2017. Level 3 (4 km) monthly sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll (Chl-a) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro...
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The Effect of Mixed Plantation on the Stand Yield and Soil Attributes of Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia decurrens in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
Melese Bekele,
Lemma Habeteyohannes,
Getabalew Teshome,
Damtew Ababu,
Abeje Tedila,
Reta Eshetu,
Mesafint Minale,
Hailemariyam Fisha,
Haile Shiferaw
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
183-188
Received:
3 August 2021
Accepted:
19 August 2021
Published:
28 October 2021
Abstract: Eucalyptus plantation has been playing essential task in narrowing the gap between the supply and demand for wood and wood products in the region. Though eucalyptus is fast-growing and has a better survival rate compared to other exotic species, there is a claim that Eucalyptus species overexploiting the nutrients and water. This consequently led to land degradation and soil fertility decline. Hence, it is important to develop mixed plantations to minimize the gap of monocultures. This study aimed to select Acacia decurrens-Eucalyptus Camaldulensis mixed plantation to obtain better woody yield and improve site productivity than sole plantation. A. decurrens and E. camladulensis seedlings were planted with the proportions of: 0%:100%, 100%:0%, 25%:75%, 75%:25% and 50%:50%. The experiment was set in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the tree height and total volume not varied significantly between the mixed and pure stand plantations. Soil nitrogen varies significantly between the treatments. The plantation with 50% E. camaldulensis and 50% A. decurrens proportion had higher total nitrogen, organic carbon and organic matter in the soil. Lined up with the experiment, the farmers agreed that the 50% E. camaldulensis with 50% A. decurrens plantations had relatively a better economic benefits and soil improvements. Further inquiry is necessary to know the contribution of each species in soil nutrient addition. Investigation of the mixed plantation of exotic and native species is essential to balance economic and environmental benefits.
Abstract: Eucalyptus plantation has been playing essential task in narrowing the gap between the supply and demand for wood and wood products in the region. Though eucalyptus is fast-growing and has a better survival rate compared to other exotic species, there is a claim that Eucalyptus species overexploiting the nutrients and water. This consequently led t...
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Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes at Assosa and Kamashi, Western Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
189-195
Received:
21 September 2021
Accepted:
8 October 2021
Published:
28 October 2021
Abstract: The lowland areas of Ethiopia have significant potential for increased oil crop production including groundnut. In Benishangul Gumuz Region, groundnut is cultivated in various zones and woredas under rain fed condition. However, due to insufficient improved groundnut varieties found in the region the productivity was low. Testing genotypes for the presence of variations and generation of genetic information is the first step in plant breeding to develop varieties for the targeted area of production. Keeping these in account the current study was conducted with the objectives of determining the genetic variability and trait association and their direct and indirect effects on yield and yield related traits of groundnut genotypes at Assosa and Kamashi zones, Western Ethiopia. Twenty five groundnut genotypes were evaluated in 5 x 5 triple lattice designs. Data were recorded for 16 traits and subjected to ANOVA using SAS software. Further genetic analyses were conducted as per the formula suggested by biometricians. Analyses of variance showed mean square due to genotypes were highly significant (p≤0.01) for all traits studied except seeds pod-1 at both locations. High heritability value coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for primary branches plant-1, 100-seed weight, dry pod yield and grain yield hectare-1 at Assosa and Kamashi. Therefore, the current study revealed the presence of considerable variability for most of the traits studied and differences in the performance of the genotypes as there were significant differences among genotypes. Emphasis should be given for dry pod yield hectare-1, primary branches plant-1, pods plant-1 and 100-seed weight to enhance grain yield production.
Abstract: The lowland areas of Ethiopia have significant potential for increased oil crop production including groundnut. In Benishangul Gumuz Region, groundnut is cultivated in various zones and woredas under rain fed condition. However, due to insufficient improved groundnut varieties found in the region the productivity was low. Testing genotypes for the ...
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Genetic Analysis Studies in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes for Tuber Yield and Yield Related Traits
Awoke Ali Zeleke,
Tiegist Dejene Abebe,
Baye Berihun Getahun
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
196-202
Received:
24 March 2021
Accepted:
19 October 2021
Published:
29 October 2021
Abstract: Potato is a high potential food security crop in the world including Ethiopia. Genetic variability is the basis of all crop improvement programs. The study was conducted at Adet in 2018 with the objective of assessing the extent and pattern of genetic variability of potato genotypes for yield and yield related traits. A total of 36 potato genotypes were evaluated for 18 quantitative traits in simple lattice design with two replication. The analysis of variance revealed that highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) difference among the tested potato genotypes for all quantitative traits except average stem number per hill. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was ranged from 4.56 to 56.01% (specific gravity and unmarketable tuber yield t ha-1 respectively) and the genotypic coefficient of variation was ranged between 2.32 to 40.66% (specific gravity and late blight severity percentage respectively). The broad sense heritability was ranged from 25.93 to 97.05% (specific gravity and late blight severity percentage respectively) and the genetic advance as percent of mean was ranged from 2.44 to 82.64% (specific gravity and late blight severity percentage respectively). Days to attain 50% emergence, leaf area index, number of marketable tubers and total tubers per plant, marketable and total tuber yield t ha-1 and late blight severity percentage had high heritability with high genetic advance as percent of mean. Most of the traits had high phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation; and coupled high heritability with high genetic advance as percent of mean. Traits having high heritability and high genetic advance as percent of means was effective for simple selection.
Abstract: Potato is a high potential food security crop in the world including Ethiopia. Genetic variability is the basis of all crop improvement programs. The study was conducted at Adet in 2018 with the objective of assessing the extent and pattern of genetic variability of potato genotypes for yield and yield related traits. A total of 36 potato genotypes...
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Forage Yield Performance of Stylosanthes Accessions in Benishangul-Gumuz Region of Western Ethiopia
Mulisa Faji,
Alemeyehu Abebe,
Kedija Ahmed,
Diribi Mijena,
Workeneh Tezera,
Gezahagn Mengistu
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
203-207
Received:
23 August 2021
Accepted:
25 October 2021
Published:
30 October 2021
Abstract: Three Stylosanthes hamata accessions (S. hamata 167, S. hamata 75, and S. hamata 15876) and one accession of S. scabra (S. scabra 441) were evaluated for their agronomical performance under two environmental conditions of Benishangul-Gumuz region state, Western Ethiopia. The experiment was carried out at Kamash and Assosa Forage research station of Assosa Agricultural Research Center and the locations were purposively selected to represent lowland and mid-altitude agro-ecologies, respectively. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Environment was significantly (P < 0.001) affecting dry matter yield, number of tillers, number of branches per plants, and leaf to stem ratio. The highest forage dry matter yield was obtained at Assosa. The results of the combined analysis revealed that plant height at forage harvesting (P < 0.05), number of tillers (P < 0.01) and leaf to stem ratio (P < 0.01) were significantly influenced by genotype. Taller plant height and higher leaf to stem ratio were obtained from S. scabra 441. Leaf to stem ratio was significantly (P < 0.01) different among genotypes of Assosa and the highest leave to stem ratio was recorded for S. scabra 441. The interaction effect of location and genotype was nonsignificant (P > 0.05) for all measured parameters and this indicated consistency in the performance of the genotypes across the environment and this leads to conclude no need for assessing performance to identify Stylosanthes genotypes with stable and superior yield across the environments.
Abstract: Three Stylosanthes hamata accessions (S. hamata 167, S. hamata 75, and S. hamata 15876) and one accession of S. scabra (S. scabra 441) were evaluated for their agronomical performance under two environmental conditions of Benishangul-Gumuz region state, Western Ethiopia. The experiment was carried out at Kamash and Assosa Forage research station of...
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